Labor Immigration Law

In a November 2009 AILA meeting, Mr. Charlie Oppenheim, who is Chief of the Immigrant Visa Control and Reporting Division at the Department of State (or also known as the person who determines the visa bulletin dates), has indicated some ways in which the visa bulletin numbers will move over the next few months.

Mr. Oppenheim’s Comments

Although there is no guarantee that Mr. Oppenheim’s comments to AILA would turn into reality, he has been very accurate and careful in his comments in the past.

EB-3 Worldwide (ROW).  Visa numbers are expected to progress to April-August 2005.  Such movement will be gradual and is expected to start in January or February of 2010.

EB-2 China and India.  Annual limits are expected to be reached no later than May.  It is possible that otherwise unused second preference numbers to be made available.  This makes the cut-off date for both EB-2 India and China to progress to October-December 2005.

EB-3 China.  It is expected to move along with EB-3 ROW over the next few months.  The fiscal year is expected to end with a June-September 2003 cut-off.

EB-3 India.  Very slow movement expected.  There are 58,000 pending applications and it is expected to move only  up to five (5) weeks over the entire fiscal year.

Our Conclusion

While there are some good news in this announcement, it becomes clear that some categories, especially EB-3 India, become very undesirable and we strongly recommend clients and readers who are in EB-3 India to consider either filing in EB-2, if possible, given education and experience.  Many EB-3 India applicants who have been waiting for 4-5 years already find themselves facing another 4-5 year wait.  As a result, we often see second EB-2 applications using the recently gained experience filed (often by switching employers) by retaining the earlier EB-3 priority date.  Please contact us if we can help you understand whether your case may qualify.

In an article dated November 17, 2009, we wrote about the CDC reversing course and eliminating the requirement of HPV vaccine for immigrant applicants, including I-485 adjustment applications.  The new rule had an effective date of December 14, 2009, so our office has received a number of inquiries about (1) what happens with pending adjustments which may not have the HPV vaccine in the I-693 form and (2) should new adjustment applicants wait until December 14, 2009 to file their I-485.

In a recent guidance, USCIS provides clarity to these important adjustment of status questions.

Pending Adjustment Applications

USCIS has indicated that since November 13, 2009, USCIS will hold any application that would have been denied solely on the applicant’s failure to show proof of having received the HPV or zoster vaccine.  USCIS will resume adjudication on these cases after December 14, 2009, when the new rules take effect.

New Adjustment Applications

Under the new USCIS guidance, prospective applicants to adjust status  do not need to wait until December 14, 2009, to file their I-485 petitions.  Instead, the I-485 may be filed before December 14 without having proof of the HPV or zoster vaccine.  Given current processing times, it is impossible for USCIS to complete processing of the I-485 by December 14 so that once the application is due to be reviewed, the new CDC rules would have taken effect on December 14, 2009.

In a shift in  policy, the CDC has announced that effective Decemeber 14, 2009, the HPV vaccine will no longer be required for immigrants applying for immigrant visa or adjusting their status from within the U.S.

Background About the Required Vaccinations

Under Section 212(a)(1)(A)(ii) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), any alien who seeks admission into the United States as an immigrant, or who seeks adjustment of status to the status of an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence, is inadmissible into the United States if the alien is unable to present documentation of having received vaccination against “vaccine-preventable diseases, which shall include at least the following diseases: Mumps, measles, rubella, polio, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type B, and hepatitis B, and any other vaccinations against vaccine-preventable diseases recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.”  Current guidance by the Center of Disease Control (“CDC”) includes the HPV vaccin to the list of vaccine-preventable diseases and is therefore required by girls and women between the ages of 11 and 26 who are seeking to become legal permanent US residents.  Those within this age range were required to get at least the first dose of the HPV vaccine, which protects against some strains of the virus blamed for cervical cancer. Additionally, the Gardasil shot was added to the vaccine list for immigrants in July 2008 by the CDC.

HPV Vaccine Requirement Controversy 

While HPV remains the single most widespread sexually transmitted disease in the country, only a small percentage of those infected with the virus will go on to develop life-threatening diseases like cervical cancer. The cost-effectiveness of the Gardasil vaccine (the HPV vaccine) remains largely in debate especially when young girls coming from a variety of foreign nationalities and cultures have to be subjected to medical exam and vaccination.  Additionally, the price of the vaccine, which is administered in three separate shots, can cost anywhere from $400 to $1000  (and the cost is often not reimbursable by insurance companies).

New CDC Guidance

Accordingly, CDC has announced a revised rule which becomes effective December 14, 2009, and under which the HPV vaccine will not be required for aliens seeking admission as an immigrant or seeking adjustment of status to that of an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence.

In providing explanation to this change in policy, CDC recognized that genital infection with HPV is an extremely common infection due to its efficient transmission via sexual intercourse. There are approximately 6 million incident infections occurring annually in the United States. Over half of sexually active men and women will develop HPV infection at some point in their lives and 15% of all Americans have current infection with HPV.

Although there are millions of HPV infections annually, it is very difficult to distinguish those cases which resolve from those (about 10,000 per year) cases which result in cervical cancer.  Therefore, while HPV may be an age-appropriate vaccine for an immigrant applicant, HPV neither causes outbreaks nor is it associated with outbreaks (per explanation in the background section).  Further, HPV has not been eliminated, nor is in the process of elimination, in the United States. Therefore, because HPV does not meet the adopted criteria, it will not be a required vaccine for immigrant and adjustment of status to permanent residence applicants.

We are aware of many cases in which USCIS approves Form I-485 for the principal applicant but does not do so for any derivative family members’ I-485 petitions.   While in some cases this may be due to missing evidence, security clearance difficulties, or some other legitimate reason, in many cases it is possible that the derivative applicant’s file may just be separated from the principal applicant’s file.

To address this kind of cases, USCIS Ombudsman has provided a new procedure which may help derivative applicants.   Under the new procedure, if a family member’s derivative adjustment of status application has been pending in excess of 30 days from the approval date of the principal applicant’s Form I-485, an email inquiry with subject line of “Unapproved Derivative I-485″  should be submitted to cisombudsman.publicaffairs@dhs.gov with the following information:

• DHS Form 7001;
• A copy of the principal applicant’s Form I-485 approval notice;
• A copy of the Form I-485 receipt notice for the derivative; and
• Any other evidence that is pertinent to the case.

This procedure was announced on October 8, 2009, so we do not yet have opinion about its usefulness, but we hope that it provides another avenue for derivative beneficiaries to move forward with their I-485 adjustment of status application.

USCIS has released a schedule of the inventory of pending Form I-485, Application to Adjust Status.   The statistics are fairly recent – as of August 25, 2009 – and are very helpful to understanding the relative queue positions for adjustment of status applicants.

How Can I Determine My Place in the AOS Queue?

An AOS application’s preference category, priority date, and country of origin determine its place in line for a visa.  The earlier your priority date is, the closer you are to the front of the line.     The “Pending Employment-Based Form I-485 Report” displays the total number of pending adjustment of status applications, per preference classification. The report shows how many pending adjustment of status (green card) applications in each preference classification have priority dates in a given month and year.  You can use this chart to determine how many applicants in your preference classification have priority dates in the same month and year as your own.  Also, you can determine how many applicants in your preference classification are ahead of you in line for a visa number by adding together the number of cases with an earlier priority date than your own.

 Ensure That You Use The Report Relevant to Your AOS

All applicants for an employment-based green card may use the pending Form I-485 report to determine their place in line for a visa.  Because certain countries experience higher demand than others, applicants in these “oversubscribed” countries may move forward in line more slowly than applicants in countries experiencing less demand.  In other words, in order to obtain a visa, applicants in oversubscribed countries may need to have earlier priority dates than applicants in countries experiencing less demand.  Applicants in oversubscribed countries may therefore want to also refer to the report for their specific country of chargeability to determine where they stand in line with other applicants from that country.

Conclusion

We are pleased with USCIS’ efforts to provide more transparency by compiling and releasing the I-485 inventory data.  While we realize that for some of our clients and readers the inventory information will show that there is still a significant wait, the fact that AOS applicants can obtain some empirical estimate of their relative place in the processing queue is important.

The Nebraska and Texas Service Centers (NSC and TSC, respectively) have informed that they will start issuing denials on pending I-485 upon denial of the underlying I-140 petition.

Until now, USCIS has a policy from a Memorandum of Feb. 28, 2003 from William R. Yates, “Procedures for Concurrently Filed Family-Based or Employment-Based Form I-485 when the Underlying Visa Petition is Denied” pursuant to which policy TSC has been using its discretion to wait 30 days before denying the I-485 applications, in case an I-290B was filed on the I-140 denial and TSC might be able to act on that at the Service Center level.

Under the new policy, both TSC and NSC will deny I-485 applications when they deny the underlying I-140 petition.   As a result, a motion to reopen/reconsider or appeal on Form I-290B will have to be filed not only on the I-140 denial but also for all of the I-485 denials (more than one of the direct beneficiary has dependents). This not only creates additional work for preparing and filing more I-290B forms, but also requires additional payments of the I-290B filing fee (which is $585.00 as of the time of this writing).

USCIS has announced that, in conjunction with FBI, it has met its goal of eliminating the FBI National Name Check Program backlog.

The goal was to achieve a performance (which can actually be sustained going forward) of completing 98 percent of name checks requests submitted by USCIS within 30 days and the remaining 2 percent within 90 days.   USCIS has announced that this performance level will become the standard.

USCIS has noted, however, that any information provided by the FBI through these checks may require further evaluation and may need additional interaction with agencies outside USCIS to obtain updated or additional information. This could result in additional delays in processing and is not governed by the processing goals contained in the joint business plan.  There is no estimate on the percentage of such cases in which additional checks (and the corresponding delays) may be expected.

Last week we provide a number of updates from the Nebraska Service Center.  This week we provided some updates from the Texas Service Center (“TSC”).  The TSC updates come from the senior management and are as of May 19, 2009.

Processing Numbers.   TSC has shown improvement in the processing numbers.  Previously, TSC was processing between 3,000-4,000 I-140s and concurrent I-140/I-485sper month.  Recently, TSC has improved to 3,500-4,500 such cases per month.  TSC’s goal is to improve the processing of I-140s down to 4 months by June 2009 (this month!).

Pre-processing.  Similarly to the Nebraska Service Center, TSC is pre-processing (or “pre-adjudicating”) I-485s.  TSC reported that they have pre-processed 85,000 I-485s which are in queue for processing and are waiting for a visa number to be available.

July 2007 “tsunami”.  TSC reported that they have “almost completed”  adjudication of I-140s filed during the “visa tsunami” of July and August 2007.

The Department of Homeland Security’s Office of Immigration Statistics has released its annual U.S. Permanent Residents: 2008 report.   The report provides a summary of the approvals of the various types of legal permanent resident (LPR) petitions.  According to the report, in 2008, a total of 1,107,126 persons became LPRs.  Of these, 58% already lived in the U.S. (and adjusted status, Form I-485).  Nearly 65% were granted LPR based on family relationship with a U.S. citizen or LPR.  The leading countries were Mexico (17%), China (7%) and India (6%).

The report provides a very useful breakdown by category and year which allows us to analyze the trends in green card approvals.  It is important to note that both 2007 and 2008 noted a slight decrease in the total number of green cards given.  In 2006, DHS recorded  1,266,129 green cards.  The decrease in 2008 is wholly attributed to a decrease in the family-based petitions. Despite this slight decrease, the numbers of green cards approved for each of the family-based categories remained fairly stable over the past three years.

The employment-based petitions in 2008 increased from 159,081 (2006) to 162,176 (2007) to 166,511 (2008).  It is interesting to note that the number of EB-1 petitions remained stable, while the number of EB-2 green cards approved increased significantly, more than 3 times from 21,911 (2006) to 70,046 (2008).   On the other hand, EB-2 recorded a significant decrease, from 89,922 (2006) and 85,030 (2007) to only 48,903 in 2008.  What do these numbers mean?  We think that they suggest a trend in that many applicants for green cards who are in EB-3 are, after many years of waiting, trying to upgrade and ultimately succeeding in obtaining their green cards approved under the EB-2 category.

We wrote last week about the April 2009 Visa Bulletin and the significant retrogression of the visa numbers in EB-3 Rest of World (ROW) category.  It is important to note that the April 2009 Visa Bulletin retrogression for EB-3 will be applied immediately, as opposed to as of April 1, 2009 (see last sentence of Item A, paragraph 1 of the April 2009 Visa Bulletin).

Also, Charles Oppenheim of the State Department has indicated that further retrogression or “unavailability” at any time cannot be ruled out.” As a result, it is highly unlikely the EB-3 category will remain available in the near future. Further retrogression or “unavailability” may occur at any time.   As a result, immigrant visas can be issued by consular posts at interviews this month only if the consular post has obtained the visa number prior to the announcement of the cut-off. Additionally, USCIS will not approve any adjustments in the EB-3 category with cutoff dates before May 1, 2005, unless the visa number already had been assigned.