Labor Immigration Law

We have clients and our office handles a number of U.S. visa applications submitted in Canada.  Accordingly, we wish to report on a new appointment service for all U.S. visa applicants in Canada, which becomes effective on September 1, 2010.

As of September 1, 2010, all services — including calling for information and scheduling an appointment — will be provided for no additional cost, with no requirement that applicants pay phone charges or PIN numbers to access such services. Starting September 1, 2010, applicants will visit CSC Visa Information Services to either obtain information online or via telephone on how to start their application for a U.S. visa at a consular section in Canada.

For those U.S. visa applicants who have already scheduled an appointment or paid their MRV fee, the U.S. Embassy in Canada has some specific instructions.

The Department of State has announced that effective immediately, non-immigrant visa applicants may book interview appointments at any U.S. Consular Section in China, regardless of the province or city where they live.   Under the old policy, appointments had to be made only at a specific consulate, based on province of residence.

Consular Sections are located at the U.S. Embassy in Beijing and U.S. Consulates General in Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Shenyang.  The purpose of the rule is, according to the State Department, to “increasing mutual understanding between the United States and China through people-to-people exchange.”   According to Department of State numbers, in 2009, almost 500,000 people received U.S. non-immigrants visas in China and the new policy should serve to increase this number by eliminating barriers to application.

DHS Secretary Napolitano announced earlier this week that as of late this summer, the paper Form I-94W (arrival/departure record) for authorized travelers from nations participating in the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) will be eliminated.  Instead, the arrival/departure information will be stored electronically.

After a successful 7-month trial conducted with VWP travelers from New Zealand on Air New Zealand flights from Auckland to Los Angeles International Airport, the use of paper I-94W forms will be eliminated for VWP travelers with an approved Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) arriving in the United States at all airports by the end of this summer.  CBP will activate automated processing for U.S. airports on a rolling basis over the next several months.

Applying for an ESTA VWP travel authorization became mandatory on January 12, 2009, for all nationals of VWP countries prior to boarding a carrier to travel by air or sea to the United States. This requirement does not affect U.S. citizens returning from overseas or citizens of VWP countries traveling on a valid U.S. visa, and allows DHS to determine whether a VWP traveler presents a threat long before the individual boards a U.S.-bound aircraft.  By eliminating the paper Form I-94W, travelers will be able to provide basic biographical, travel and eligibility information automatically through ESTA prior to departure for the United States.

The Department of State (DOS) issued an advance copy of the interim final rule on the Schedule of Fees for Consular Services, Department of State and Overseas Embassies and Consulates.  The notice was published today at the Federal Register.

According to the notice, the new rule will become effective on June 4, 2010 (15 days after publication).  The increase in fees is mainly due to increase in processing costs for a number of non-immigrant visas processed at the U.S. consulates abroad.  For most of these visa types, the current fee is $131.00.  As a result, while some categories see a minor increase of $10-20, some categories see the fees more than double (for example, K visa applications).

The New Non-immigrant Consulate Visa Fees

    (a) Non-petition-based nonimmigrant visa (except E              $140
     category)..........................................
    (b) H, L, O, P, Q and R category nonimmigrant visa..            $150
    (c) E category nonimmigrant visa....................            $390
    (d) K category nonimmigrant visa....................            $350
    (e) Border crossing card--age 15 and over (valid 10             $140
     years).............................................
    (f) Border crossing card--under age 15; for Mexican              $14
     citizens if parent or guardian has or is applying
     for a border crossing card (valid 10 years or until
     the applicant reaches age 15, whichever is sooner).

It should be noted that these fee increases apply to consular visa applications only.  The USCIS petition processing fees remain unaffected by this rule.

Starting December 2009, USCIS started implementing changes on the way I-131 reentry permit applications are receipted and processed.   Previously, I-131 reentry permit applications were filed directly at the Nebraska Service Center (NSC) which issued receipts and, where appropriate, issued expedited processing biometrics notices.

The NSC processing of expedited processing reentry permit biometrics allowed us to have the required biometrics scheduled often within 7-10 days after filing of the I-131 reentry permit application.  This way we were able to accommodate clients who had a very limited period of stay in the U.S.

The New I-131 Reentry Permit Acceptance Procedure Delays Biometrics

Under the new procedure, all I-131 reentry permit applications are now filed at a USCIS lockbox.  The purpose of the lockbox is to accept the application and do initial processing such as issuing a receipt.  Following the initial processing, the case is transferred to the service center tasked with processing the reentry permits – NSC.

Only after the lockbox center forwards the I-131 reentry application to NSC the expedited processing biometrics appointment can be issed.  This adds an additional week or so of processing and scheduling a biometrics notice.

In light of these changes, we have had to advise our I-131 reentry permit expedited processing clients to adjust their travel accordingly and to plan on being in the U.S. 3-4 weeks (up from 2-3 weeks) to be able to accommodate their required biometrics appointment while in the U.S.

Unfortunately, USCIS has indicated that they intend to use the lockbox for the future and we do not foresee any improvement in the processing times or the efficiency of the expedited reentry permit application procedure.  USCIS has indicated that they are exploring ways to be able to process biometrics abroad; however, as of today, the biometrics can be done only in the U.S.

USCIS has announced that effective Tuesday, May 11, 2010, it would issue redesigned U.S. Permanent Resident Cards (also known as “green cards.”)   The redesign is mainly driven to incorporate new security features to deter counterfeiting, tempering and document fraud, generally.

Features of the Redesigned Green Card

Among the main features of the redesign: secure optical media will store biometrics for rapid and reliable identification of the card holder. There will be a holographic images, laser engraved fingerprints, and high resolution micro-images which will make the card nearly impossible to reproduce.  There will be a tighter integration of the card design with personalized elements will make it difficult to alter the card if stolen.   Also, a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) capability will allow Customs and Border Protection officers at ports of entry to read the card from a distance and compare it immediately to file data.   Finally, a preprinted return address will enable the easy return of a lost card to USCIS.

Design

The “green card” is now actually “green”  in color and design patterns.   Samples of the front and back are shown below:

Frequently Asked Questions

Who can obtain the new green card?  All requests for initial or replacement (renewal) green cards, once approved, will be issued the green card, as newly redesigned.  USCIS has not announced a campaign to replace the existing green cards which are currently valid and in circulation.

What is the cost of replacing a green card?  The application filing fee for an application to replace a green card is $370.00.

How to apply to obtain a damaged or lost green card?  A lawful permanent resident may seek a replacement card by filing a Form I-90, Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card.  If abroad, the permanent resident should contact the nearest consulate, USCIS office or port of entry before filing Form I-90.  Our office can help you with the green card renewal or replacement application – please contact us.

Our office has fielded numerous calls from a number of foreign nationals who are in the U.S. temporarily and whose departure plans have been disrupted by the infamous Icelandic volcano ash.  For many in the U.S. whose departure travel arrangements were closely related to their I-94 expiration date, the disruption and delay in departure travel plans has caused overstay of the authorized period of stay in the U.S. on the I-94 or I-94W cards.  It is important to note that future admissibility can be permanently impacted due to an overstay of a period of authorized admission to the U.S.

Visa Waiver Program (VWP) Travelers

Overstay of the period noted on the I-94W card may make one a VWP traveler ineligible for future travel to the U.S. under VWP and require visa application for future travel.   For those in the U.S. under the VWP, contact the CBP airport office or the nearest U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) office. There will be a few travelers with no I-94W under the pilot paperless I-94W project.   There is a passenger service manager list for international airports.

Per relevant regulations, 8 CFR § 217.3:

Satisfactory departure: If an emergency prevents an alien admitted under this part from departing from the United States within his or her period of authorized stay, the district director having jurisdiction over the place of the alien’s temporary stay may, in his or her discretion, grant a period of satisfactory departure not to exceed 30 days. If departure is accomplished during that period, the alien is to be regarded as having satisfactorily accomplished the visit without overstaying the allotted time.

Travelers on Nonimmigrant Visas

For those in the U.S. under a nonimmigrant visa, CBP directs them to apply for an extension of nonimmigrant status. Even though an I-539 extension is normally recommended to be filed 45 days before expiration, CBP notes that some arrangement regarding this point has been made. Of course, the I-539 extension filing fee is $300. At present, it is not clear whether the satisfactory departure option is available for VWP or nonimmigrant visa holders unable to depart the U.S. due to the effects of the volcano.

In a USCIS alert regarding the situation, travelers on nonimmigrant visas are advised to to either (1) visit the local USCIS office and bring passport, cancelled flight itinerary and I-94 card or (2) apply for an extension of status as soon as possible by filing Form I-539.

As many of our clients and readers know, the H-1B program allows stay in the U.S. on H or L status of up to six years.   Time spent abroad during this period may be “recaptured” and added towards the six years of H-1B time.

However, many foreign nationals who are not eligible to extend their H-1B term past the 6th year based on pending PERM labor certification or approved I-140 immigrant petition are limited from being employed in the U.S. pursuant to H-1B status unless they spent at least one continuous year abroad before they are counted under the H-1B cap again and given another 6-year H-1B term.

The relevant rule is 8 CFR §214.2(h)(13)(i)(B) which states:

When an alien in an H classification has spent the maximum allowable period of stay in the United States, a new petition under sections 101(a)(15) (H) or (L) of the Act may not be approved unless that alien has resided and been physically present outside the United States, except for brief trips for business or pleasure, for the time limit imposed on the particular H classification. Brief trips to the United States for business or pleasure during the required time abroad are not interruptive, but do not count towards fulfillment of the required time abroad. The petitioner shall provide information about the alien’s employment, place of residence, and the dates and purposes of any trips to the United States during the period that the alien was required to spend time abroad.

Recently, the USCIS has confirmed this but has reiterated the point that any stay in the U.S. which is not a brief business or pleasure trip will not only not count towards meeting the one-year foreign residency requirement, but would also reset the one-year clock.

The question then becomes what is a brief business or pleasure trip to the U.S.  Unfortunately, no definition has been provided by USCIS, but generally a common-sense approach may be helpful.  If the trip to the U.S. contemplates employment, longer stay or is generally one which would require a visa other than business or tourist (B1/B2) visa, then it may be considered “not brief trip” and would reset the clock.   Of course, each trip would vary in its duration and circumstances, so we are happy to help our clients and readers when they are unsure whether their U.S. trip may reset the one-year foreign residency clock for new 6-year H-1B term purposes.

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Secreatary Napolitano announced that DHS will designate Greece as a Visa Waiver Program (VWP) yesterday, March 9, 2010. As a result, Greek nationals will be able to travel visa-free to the United States effective April 10, 2010.

The VWP will enable citizens of Greece to travel to the United States, beginning on April 10, 2010, for 90 days or less for tourism or business purposes without a visa, provided they have an e-passport and an approved authorization via the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA).

Currently, 35 countries participate in the Visa Waiver Program. The U.S. Congress authorized DHS in August 2007 to reform the VWP and strengthen the security arrangements required of existing participant countries, as well as to expand the opportunity for aspiring countries to join the program. This legislation also mandates certain improvements to the VWP for all participating countries, such as the requirement that travelers first obtain an online authorization to travel under the recently established ESTA, a web-based system that determines the preliminary eligibility of visitors to travel under the VWP prior to boarding a carrier to the United States.

The American Immigration Lawyers’ Association (AILA) has provided some guidance and information from Customs and Border Protection (CBP) at the Newark, New Jersey airport.

Background

Starting in December of 2009, our office has been receiving alerts from current and prospective clients about a number of incidents where holders of valid H-1B stamps were questioned and, in some cases, offered the opportunity to withdraw their request for admission into the U.S. or be subject to expedited removal proceedings;  in many cases, such H-1B holders were not admitted into the U.S. and sent back to their home country and have had their H-1B visas cancelled.

Due to the lack of information from CBP and the seriousness of the situation, a number of misleading and sometimes false rumors have began circulating among communities of H-1B holders on the Internet.    We hope that this alert will provide helpful information and understanding of what happens at Newarj, NJ airport and what can be done about it.

USCIS/ICE Employer Fraud Investigations Cause Scrutiny of H-1B Employees

CBP has confirmed that at least several of these cases involved companies which were under investigation by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”) and/or USCIS for ongoing H-1B program fraud.  CBP noted that they use as much advance information as possible to target specific individuals who warrant additional inspection.  CBP also noted that recent enforcement cases reviewed ranged from simple documentary deficiency to visa/petition fraud. Upon an inadmissibility finding, the determination to either allow the applicant to withdraw his or her application for admission or to subject the applicant to expedited removal is based on “the totality of the circumstances and reviewed on a case by case basis.”

In the Newark enforcement actions, CBP Newark worked closely with USCIS – Fraud Detection and National Security (“FDNS”) and the Department of Labor – Office of Investigations.  CBP stated that those questioned were offered the opportunity to contact their consulate and that CBP officers contacted the petitioner and/or current employer when clarification was needed.  CBP confirmed that they screen ALL employment-based visa holders to determine admissibility and ensure compliance with entry requirements.

Newark, NJ Airport New Policy to Verify L-1 and H-1B Employees

CBP has also announced that the Newark, New Jersey airport has instituted a new policy which involves conducting random checks for returning H-1B, L-1, and other employment-based visa holders.  Based upon the initial check, if the person’s admissibility is questionable, then he or she will be sent to secondary inspection for further interview. In some cases, if CBP discovers discrepancies in previously filed petitions, then the applicant may be asked to withdraw his/her application for admission into the United States or be subject to expedited removal.

Public Information May be Consulted During or After Inspection

Employers should be advised that the government may review information in any public venues such as websites and other media for consistency with petition content. Thus, keeping such public information accurate and current is essential.

Note the new fraud related language added to I-797 approval notices –

NOTICE: Although this application/petition has been approved, DHS reserves the right to verify the information submitted in this application, petition, and/or supporting documentation to ensure conformity with applicable laws, rules, regulations, and other authorities. Methods used for verifying information may include, but are not limited to, the review of public information and records, contact by correspondence, the Internet, or telephone, and site inspections of businesses and residences. Information obtained during the course of verification will be used to determine whether revocation, rescission, and/or removal proceedings are appropriate. Applicants, petitioners, and representatives of record will be provided an opportunity to address derogatory information before any formal proceeding is initiated.

Conclusion: Proper Pre-Travel Preparation is Essential

It should be noted that although the recent news were linked with Newark, New Jersey airport, CBP may expand its policy and enforcement to other airports at any time.  In light of these developments, it becomes increasingly important for holders of H-1B and L-1 visas to prepare well for their return trip into the U.S., regardless of the port of entry they use to enter the U.S.

We advise all of our clients to thoroughly prepare for their trip to the U.S. and their inspection upon application for admission.  H-1B and L-1 visa holders should review all pertinent documents to their petition and to consider carrying evidence to support the assertions made in the petition filed on their behalf by their employer.  In addition, the H-1B or L-1 employers must be prepared for telephone inquiries from CBP officers at ports of entry to confirm the assertions made in any nonimmigrant petition and supporting documentation.  Finally, employers should ensure that public information, such as websites and/or other materials, may be consulted by CBP agents to determine whether a particular H-1B or L-1 petition is valid.